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ACARS Traffic Log

ACARS Messages

Machine

MHKULKJACM001: Unique hardware (machine) ID

07/03/14: 7 March 2014

071627WMKKZBAA: On 7 March at 16:27 (UTC) From Kuala Lumpur International Airport (WMKK) to Beijing International Airport (ZBAA)

071641WMKKZBAA: On 7 March at 16:41 (UTC) From Kuala Lumpur International Airport (WMKK) to Beijing International Airport (ZBAA)

KUL: Kuala Lumpur

KULPEK
KUL PEK: From Kuala Lumpur to Beijing (Peking)

link ack: An automated 'acknowledged' response by ACARS; similar in meaning to 'the message was sent'.

QXSXMXS
.QXSXMXS: An identifier for SITA, a service provider for ACARS messages.

References

https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Aircraft_Load_and_Trim

Time
Time (UTC) in HH:MM:SS format

Trans
An abbreviation of Transmission. The data is a nine-digit number which identifies the transmission sequence.

Direction
The direction of the transmission - generally either ground-to-air or air-to-ground.

AN: Aircraft Number

FI: Flight ID

Medium
Refers to the way the transmission is sent. The data is the location of a VHF transceiver or satellite. For example:-

KUL - a VHF transmitter and receiver used for data transmissions and located on the ground near Kuala Lumpur International Airport
POR1 - an Inmarsat satellite located over the Pacific Ocean
IOR2 - an Inmarsat satellite located over the Indian Ocean

Machine
Refers to the machine used for ACARS transmissions. The corresponding data is a Hardware Address or ID.

Raw DTG: Date and Time (UTC) in DD/HH/MM format

SMI: Standard Message Identifier

Application

Status
Message Status

Message Type

Source/Destination

071250
071554
071555
071556
071558
071600
071606
071607
071609
071611
071628
071629
071641
071642
071656
071707
071803
071803
071806
071808
071808
071808
071810
071811
071812
071813
071815: Date and Time (UTC) in DD/HH/MM format
APU CYC: Auxiliary Power Unit cycles

APU PREV FLT HRS: Auxiliary Power Unit hours on previous flight

APU TOT HRS: Auxiliary Power Unit Total Hours
Established VHF: ACARS data link established over VHF

0EV125037VS: ACARS data link established over VHF at 12:50:37 (UTC)

Lost VHF: ACARS lost data link over VHF (disconnected)

0LV155453S: ACARS lost data link over VHF (disconnected) at 15:54:53 (UTC)

Lost SATCOM: ACARS lost data link via SATCOM (disconnected)

0LS155441V: ACARS lost data link via SATCOM (disconnected) at 15:54:41 UTC

Established SATCOM: ACARS data link established over a SATCOM link

0ES155446VS: ACARS data link established via SATCOM at 15:54:46 (UTC)

0ES155607S: ACARS data link established via SATCOM at 15:56:07 (UTC)

0ES155759S: ACARS data link established via SATCOM at 15:57:59 (UTC)

0ES160015S: ACARS data link established via SATCOM at 16:00:15 (UTC)

0ES161101S: ACARS data link established via SATCOM at 16:11:01 (UTC)

OUT01MAS370: ACARS Out of the gate event (for MAS370/MH370) - departure from the gate with all doors closed and parking brake released.

OFF01MAS370: ACARS Off the ground event (for MAS370/MH370) - take-off with the nose gear squat switch extended.

MAS-S (successful) MAS-S (success) for [AGM NOTOC Uplink B777]

MAS-L (link ack)

MAS-F (failed)

FWZ XML FP for FE Route Frequency Auto-tune -- Frequency Auto-tune B777

Loadsheet FINAL<9M-MR>

B777 Final Loadsheet Acknowledgement B777 LS Final Acknowledgement from Pilot B777 LS Final Ack

AGM NOTOC Uplink B777

FSD Message : Event

OOOI B777 OUT Report OOOI B777 OUT Report -- FPFF OUT B777 OOOI B777 OUT Report -- Fuel V2 OOOI B777 OUT Report -- A80 FPM OOOI B777 OUT Report -- BPM Model OOOI B777 OUT Report -- TATS Model

OOOI B777 OFF Report OOOI B777 OFF Report -- FPFF OFF B777 OOOI B777 OFF Report -- Fuel V2 OOOI B777 OFF Report -- A80 FPM OOOI B777 OFF Report -- BPM Model OOOI B777 OFF Report -- TATS Model

FSD Message : Position Report FSD Message : Route FSD Message : Flight Plan FSD Message : Position Report

B777 APU Report

B777 TAKE OFF REPORT<03> (RR) B777 TAKE OFF REPORT<0 3> (RR) -- COMPASS B777 TAKE OFF REPORT<03> (RR) -- B777 EGT Take Off Report Excel B777 TAKE OFF REPORT<03> (RR) -- B777-200 TAKE OFF REPORT in EXCEL

B777 CLIMB REPORT<43> (RR) B777 CLIMB REPORT<43> (RR) -- COMPASS

DFD B777 Position Report (NEW) DFD B777 Position Report (NEW) -- FPM POS DFD B777 Position Report (NEW) -- BPM B777 Position Report

B777 Cockpit Printer Uplink for ODC -- B777 Cockpit Printer Uplink-ODC

B777 Cockpit MCDU Display Uplink -- B777 Cockpit Display Uplink v1

FWZ XML FP for FE Route

Final Load Sheet

BEW: Basic Empty Weight

DLI: Dead Load Index. Dry operating index (DOI) corrected for the balance influence of the load in compartments.

DOI: Dry Operating Index. Moment index to a given Dry Operating Weight.

DOW: Dry Operating Weight

DOW 143283: Dry Operating Weight (DOW) actual 143,283 kg. Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

LDW: Landing Weight

LAW 186269 MAX 208652: Landing Weight (LDW): Estimated weight at time of landing. Actual Take-off Weight less the Trip Fuel = 186269 kg, Maximum 208652 kg Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

LIC NO: Licence Number

LITOW: Loaded Index at Take-Off Weight. Index referring to the actual Take-Off Weight.

LIZFW: Loaded Index at Zero Fuel Weight. Deadload index (DLI) corrected for the influence of passengers in cabin (fuel not included).

LS: Load Sheet

MACZFW: Mean Aerodynamic Chord Zero Fuel Weight

MACTOW 33.78: The balance corresponding to the aircraft Take-Off Weight (TOW) and shown on the final loadsheet (after Last Minute Changes) was 33.78% of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) which was within limits. Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

PAX/10/215: Passengers on Board/10 in Business Class/215 in Economy Class

STAB TO: Stabilizer trim setting at Take-Off

TIF 37200: Trip Fuel 37200 kg Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

TOF: Take-Off Fuel (Fuel at take-off)

TOF 49100: Take-Off Fuel (Fuel at take-off) 49100 kg. Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

TOW: Take-off Weight

TOW 223469 MAX 286897: Take-off Weight (TOW) actual 223,469 kg maximum 286,897 kg Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

TOTFW: Total Remaining Fuel Weight

TTL PAYLOAD 014296
TTL COMPARTMENTS 014296: Total Payload (Load in compartment) 14,296 kg. Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

TTL 222/3/2: Total Passengers: 222 adults/3 children/2 infants

TTL 227: Total Passengers (including infants without seat allocations)

0A/10 0B/127 0C/88: Passenger seating. 10 passengers in Business Class, 127 passengers in the forward section of Economy Class, and 88 passengers in the rear section of Economy Class. Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.18.3 Crew and Passengers on Board MH370

ZFW: Zero Fuel Weight

ZFW 174369 MAX 195044 L: Zero Fuel Weight (weight of the aircraft without fuel): Actual 174369 kg, Maximum 195044 kg Refer to the Safety Investigation Report section 1.6.5 Weight and Balance

Loadsheet Acknowledgment

751 KUL: Captain Shah's Air Transport Pilot Licence number A751

Flight IDs

Flight ID: Flight Identifier, for example MH370

FI MH0: Invalid Flight ID: MH for Malaysia Airlines but no flight number

FI MH0000: Invalid Flight ID: MH for Malaysia Airlines but no flight number

FI MH0370: Valid Flight ID: MH370

MH 0370
MH0370: Flight ID MH370
URGET REQUEST: URGENT REQUEST

PLS ACK THESE MSG: Please acknowledge these messages

PLS ACK TEST MSG. RGDS/OC: Please acknowledge test message. Regards, Operations Centre

PLS CONTACT: Please contact

HO CHI MING: HO CHI MINH

PLS CONTACT HO CHI MING ATC ASAP: Please contact Ho Chi Minh Air Traffic Control as soon as possible

Name Redacted: The name of the sender has been removed prior to publication or release of this document

Documents

Document and Report Names

Safety Investigation Report: The Safety Investigation Report MH370/01/2018 was released by the Malaysian ICAO Annex 13 Safety Investigation Team for MH370 in July 2018. More Info

Operational Search for MH370: A report on the search for MH370 released by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) on 3 October 2017. More Info

MH370 Search and Rescue Operations and Lesson Learnt: This paper was presented by Malaysia to the Third Meeting of the Asia/Pacific Regional Search and Rescue Task Force (APSAR/TF/3), Maldives, 25 – 29 January 2015. More Info

MH370 Search and Rescue Response - JRCC Australia: This paper was presented by Australia to the Third Meeting of the Asia/Pacific Regional Search and Rescue Task Force (APSAR/TF/3), Maldives, 25 – 29 January 2015. More Info

COORDINATION IN SEARCHING FOR MALAYSIA AIRLINES FLIGHT MH370: This paper was presented by Vietnam to the ICAO Second High-level Safety Conference 2015 (HLSC 2015) Planning for Global Aviation Safety Improvement, Montréal, 2 to 5 February 2015. More Info

Terms or Abbreviations used in the report The Operational Search for MH370 (ATSB)

FL250: Flight Level at 25000 feet

FL350: Flight Level at 35000 feet

EHM Parameter Key

Descriptions of parameters used for EHM Reports - Take-Off and Climb

Note: Some items in the EHM Parameter Key table are generic and are therefore in normal alphabetic tooltips.

Examples would be GMT, LAT, LONG, MACH.

A/P: Autopilot status

A/T: Autothrottle status

ACID: AirCraft ID

AOHE: Air Oil Heat Exchanger Position Selected

ASMT: Assumed Day Temperature (Degrees Celsius)

AVM: Vibration monitoring system status (hexadecimal)

BBA: Broadband vibration channel A (ACU)

BBB: Broadband vibration channel B (ACU)

CAS: Calibrated Airspeed, OR Calculated airspeed (knots) (Engine Health Monitoring Parameter)

DP: ASCS Duct Pressure (psi)

DPT: Departure Airport

DRTE: Thrust derate switch

DST: Destination Airport

EBFR: Environmental control system bleed flow rate (lb/s)

EBLD: Environmental control system

EECT: EEC temperature - (Degrees Celsius)

EGT: Exhaust gas temperature - (Degrees Celsius)

EPRACT: EPR actual

EPRACT-L: EPR actual - left

EPRACT-R: EPR actual - right

EPRCMD: EPR commanded

EPRMAX: EPR maximum

EPRTRA: EPR throttle angle

ESN: Engine serial number

ESTAT: EEC status

FAV: ASCS FAMV Actual Position

FCC3: EEC status

FCC4: EEC status

FCC5: EEC status

FCC6: EEC status

FLCT: Report Copy number

FLT: Flight Number

FM: Flight Phase

FMVDMD: Fuel metering valve demanded position

FMVSEL: Fuel metering valve commanded position

FNDERATESW: Thrust derate switch

FUELT: Fuel temperature in a/c tank - (Degrees Celsius)

GENLD: Generator load (shp)

GWT: Gross Weight

N1: N1 shaft speed (%)

N1VA: N1 shaft vibration channel A (ACU)

N1VB: N1 shaft vibration channel B (ACU)

N2: N2 shaft speed (%)

N2VA: N2 shaft vibration channel A (ACU)

N2VB: N2 shaft vibration channel B (ACU)

N3: N3 shaft speed (%)

N3VA: N3 shaft vibration channel A (ACU)

N3VB: N3 shaft vibration channel B (ACU)

NAC1: Nacelle temperature zone 1 (firewire resistance) ohms

NAC2: Nacelle temperature zone 2 (firewire resistance) ohms

OILP: Oil pressure (psi)

OILT: Oil temperature - (Degrees Celsius)

P160: P160 pressure (bypass duct) (psi)

P2.5: P25 pressure (HPC inlet) (psi)

P20: P20 pressure (inlet) (psi)

P30: P30 pressure (HPC outlet) (psi)

P50: P50 pressure (LP turbine outlet) (psi)

PACK: Cabin bleed

PALT: Pressure altitude (feet)

PHF: Vibration phase front (degrees)

PHR: Vibration phase rear (degrees)

PKFR: Pack mass flow rate (lb/s)

PKWD: ECS status (hexadecimal)

PTO: ASCS PC Out temperature (Degrees Celsius)

RATG: EEC rating

SFC: Sub-Frame Counter (recorded data point)

SWID: Software Identification

T20: T20 temperature (inlet) (Degrees Celsius)

T25: T25 temperature (HPC inlet) (Degrees Celsius)

T30: T30 temperature (HPC outlet) (Degrees Celsius)

TAT: Total Air Temperature (Degrees Celsius)

TCAF: Turbine cooling air front (Degrees Celsius)

TCAR: Turbine cooling air rear (Degrees Celsius)

THDG: True Heading

TRA: Throttle resolver angle (degrees)

TRALOC: Throttle resolver angle (degrees)

VSV: VSV angle (degrees)

WF: Fuel flow (lb/hr)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Ab-initio
ab-initio
ab initio: 'From the Beginning'. Ab initio flight training refers to starting as a beginner

acronym: A word formed by taking letters from each word in a phrase or series of words. For example radar is an acronym formed from the words radio detecting and ranging.

affirmative: Yes

airborne: An aircraft is considered airborne when all parts of the aircraft are off the ground. (Source: FAA)

ASAP: As soon as possible

blip: a spot of light on a radar screen indicating the position of a detected aircraft (Source: Safety Investigation Report)

Communiqué
Communique
communiqué
communique: a form of media release, an official bulletin

Internet Archive: A not-for-profit digital library also known as the Wayback Machine which stores snapshots of significant websites at various dates. See The Wayback Machine and MH370.

jargon: words and terminology used by specialists in a trade or profession that may be difficult for other people to understand

Manifest
manifest: A list of people and goods carried on a ship or plane.

opine
opined: based on the word 'opinion' - to express an opinion

portal: An Internet site providing access or links to other sites.

protocol: a set of rules which standardise a process or procedure

redacted: withdrawn, hidden or removed (before publication)

snapshot: A representation of a website at a particular date and time. The Wayback Machine captures 'snapshots' of websites and stores the pages or files in the Web Archive.

tooltip
tooltips: Additional information which appears on the screen when the cursor or mouse pointer is placed over some text which is faintly underlined.

utterance: something spoken; In radio communications from MH370 each instance of a person speaking is an utterance.

Malay Language

Translations of in-text Malay words or phrases.

Berhad: Private. Used for a private limited Company

Bhd: Abbreviation for Berhad, meaning Private. Used for a private limited Company

selamat pagi: Good Morning

Kenyataan: Statement

Kenyataan Media: Media Statement

Laporan: Report

Siaran Media: Media Release

PERDANA MENTERI MALAYSIA: PRIME MINISTER OF MALAYSIA

Flight Simulator

Captain Shah's Flight Simulator and Related Terminology

Also terms and references for the analysis of recovered data.

FS9: Microsoft Flight Simulator version 9

FSX: Microsoft Flight Simulator version 10 (or X)

File Types

*.FSSAVE: Flight Simulator Save File

*.FLT: Flight Simulator Saved Flight

*.MDL: Flight Simulator Airplane Model

*.PLN: Flight Simulator Flight Plan

*.SPB: Flight Simulator Mission File

*.WX: Flight Simulator Weather File

Disk Drives

MK22
MK 22: Seagate Barracuda 80 GB disk from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator

MK23
MK 23: Western Digital 500 GB disk from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator

MK24
MK 24: Western Digital 1TB disk from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator

MK25
MK 25: Sandisk Extreme 240 GB Solid State Drive (SSD) from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator

MK26
MK 26: Corsair Force 240 GB Solid State Drive (SSD) from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator

Person and Role

The Malaysian ICAO Annex 13 Safety Investigation Team for MH370

The Malaysian Members

Dato’ Ir. Kok Soo Chon: Investigator-in-Charge

Capt. Abdul Wahab Ibrahim: Senior Investigator/Chairman of Operations Committee

Mr. Mohan Suppiah: Senior Investigator/Chairman of Airworthiness Committee

Datuk Dr. Mohd Shah Mahmood: Senior Investigator/Chairman of Medical/Human Factors Committee

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Abu Hanifah Hj Abdullah: Investigator, Airworthiness

Mr. Amirudin Ab Ghani: Investigator, Airworthiness

Mr. Aslam Basha Khan: Investigator, Airworthiness

Dato’ Capt. Jalil Mat Dom

Investigator, Operations

Mr. Khaw Sim Min: Investigator, Operations

Ms. Khoo Lay See: Investigator, Medical/Human Factors

Mr. Lim Kim Seang: Investigator, Operations

Dato’ SAC Mohd Rafique Ramli Ariffin: Investigator, Operations

Mr. Muhammad Imran Ismail: Investigator, Operations

Ms. Norwalena Abdul Wahab: Investigator, Operations

Prof. Dr. Pathmanathan Rajadurai: Investigator, Medical/Human Factors

Dato’ Dr. Suarn Singh A/L Jasmit Singh: Investigator, Medical/Human Factors

Ms. Swandra Kim Chu Ramachandran: Investigator, Operations (from January 2018)

Mr. Tan Huvi Vein

Investigator, Operations

Dr. Toh Chin Lee: Investigator, Medical/Human Factors

Capt. Abdul Razak Hashim: Investigator, Operations (April 2014 - April 2015)

Tripartite Members

Sri Liow Tiong Lai
Hon Dato’ Sri Liow Tiong Lai: Minister of Transport (Malaysia)

Darren Chester
Hon Darren Chester MP: Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (Australia)

Li Xiaopeng
Hon Mr Li Xiaopeng: Minister of Transport, People’s Republic of China

A

Abdul Aziz Kaprawi: Deputy Minister of Transport. Leader of the Technical Committee.

Abdul Rahim Bakri: Deputy Minister of Defence. Leader of the Asset Deployment Committee.

Ahmad Jauhari Yahya
Jauhari Yahya: Group Chief Executive Officer, Malaysia Airlines

Ahmad Nizar bin Zolfakar
Ahmad Zolfakar: Director, Air Traffic Services, Department of Civil Aviation

Angus Houston: Air Chief Marshal (ret.), Former Chief of the Defense Force Australia. Head of the Joint Agency Co-ordination Centre (JACC)

B

C

Chuck Hagel: US Secretary of Defence

D

Dato’ Huzir bin Mohamed: Deputy Director of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Royal Malaysia Police

Dato’ Ibrahim Abdullah: Deputy Secretary General III of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Dato’ Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein
Hishammuddin Hussein
Hishammuddin: Minister of Defence and Acting Minister of Transport

Datuk Azharuddin Abdul Rahman
Datuk Rahman: Director-General, Department of Civil Aviation (DCA)

Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak
Datuk Razak: Prime Minister, Malaysia

Dato’Sri Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad
Dato Abdul Samad: Lieutenant General Dato’Sri Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad is Air Operation Commander, Royal Malaysia Air Force

E

F

Fariq Hamid
Fariq Ab.Hamid
Fariq Abdul Hamid
Fariq Ab HAMID: First Officer, MH370

G

H

Hamzah Zainuddin: Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. Leads the Next of Kin Committee.

I

J

Jean Paul Troadec: Led the investigation into the Air France 447 crash

K

L

M

N

O

Oliver Plunkett: CEO of Ocean Infinity

P

Phillip Hammond: British Secretary of State for Defence

Q

R

S

Siti Sarah Lebai Abu: Assistant Director, National Air Traffic Control Centre (NATCC)

T

General Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Rodzali Bin Daud
Rodzali Daud: General Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Rodzali Bin Daud is Chief of the Royal Malaysian Air Force

Tan Sri Ong Ka Ting: Prime Minister’s special envoy to China

Tony Abbot: Prime Minister of Australia

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Zaharie Ahmad Shah
Zaharie Ahmad SHAH
Zaharie Shah: Captain and Pilot in Command, MH370

Places and Locations

SIO: Southern Indian Ocean

Melborne: Melbourne, capital city of the State of Victoria in Australia

Message Transcripts

DETRESFA, Departure Message etc. </p?

1. DETRESFA Message

Note: Most items in the DETRESFA Message are interpreted in the Flight Plan

DESTRESFA: An incorrect spelling of the word DETRESFA - the code word used to designate a distress phase

072232: The DETRESFA message with a date-time-group (DTG) 072232 UTC was transmitted at 2232 UTC [0632 MYT]

FPL–MAS370–IS: Aircraft identification and SSR mode and code FPL–MAS370–IS should be “MAS370/A2157”

Departure Message

(DEP: Departure

MAS370/A2157: Aircraft identification MH370 and Secondary Surveillance Radar Code A2157

WMKK1642: Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) at 1642 (UTC)

DOF140307: Date of Flight 2014 March 07 (UTC)

Time

CST: China Standard Time is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) + 8 hours

GMT: Greenwich Mean Time. Superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

MYT: Malaysian Time (MYT) is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) + 8 hours

UTC: Coordinated Universal Time

ENR: En-route

EST: Estimate

Day Number: The number of days since MH370 went missing. Day 001 is 8 March 2014.

Codes in Filed Flight Plan

KLA297: KLIA message, series A, sequence number 297

070444 UTC: Date-time-group or the transmission time of the filed flight plan message on 7 March at 0444 UTC

071244 MYT: Date-time-group or the transmission time of the filed flight plan message on 7 March at 1244 MYT

070441: Message Filing Time 7 March at 0441 UTC

DOF/140307: Date of Flight 2014 March 7

FF: Priority Indicator for the message category

WMKKZQZX: 8-letter address for Lumpur “Area Control Centre”

WMKKZRZX: 8-letter address for Lumpur “Approach Radar Office”

WMKKYOYX: 8-letter Message Originator for KLIA Aeronautical Information Office

FPL: Filed Flight Plan message

MAS370: Aircraft identification Malaysian 370

REG/9MMRO: Aircraft Registration 9MMRO

-IS: Instrument Flight Rules (I) Scheduled Air Transport (S)

B772/H: Boeing 777-200/wake turbulence category Heavy

WMKK1635: Departure aerodrome KLIA estimated off-block time 1635 UTC

off-block
off-the-block: The estimated time at which the aircraft will commence movement associated with departure (ICAO Doc 4444).

DCT: the flight will proceed direct to

ZBAA0534: Destination aerodrome ZBAA - Beijing Capital International Airport and total estimated elapsed time 5 hours and 34 minutes

ZBTJ: Destination alternate aerodrome Tianjin Binhai International Airport (China)

ZBSJ: Destination alternate aerodrome Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport (China)

SEL/QRC: Selective Calling code/QRC

RMK/ACASII: Equipped with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) version II

CH: Cheung Chau

VYK: Dawangzhuang

SDFGHIJ3J5M1RWXY/LB1D1: A series of letter codes relating to communications and navigation equipment fitted; See Safety Investigation Report (2018) Section 2.2.3 for details

PBN: Performance Based Navigation

A1B1C1D1L1O1S2: A series of letter codes for RNAV and RNP capabilities; See Safety Investigation Report (2018) Section 2.2.3 for details

FIR boundary designators and accumulated estimated elapsed times from take-off to such FIR boundaries

EET: Estimated Elapsed Time (from take-off to...)

WSJC0032: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Singapore FIR boundary 32 minutes

VVTS0042: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Ho Chi Minh FIR boundary 42 minutes

ZJSA0210: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Sanya FIR boundary 2 hours 10 minutes

VHHK0233: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Hong Kong FIR boundary 2 hours 33 minutes

ZGZU0304: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Guangzhou FIR boundary 3 hours 4 minutes

ZHWH0356: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Wuhan FIR boundary 3 hours 56 minutes

ZPE0450: Estimated Elapsed Time from take-off to Beijing FIR boundary 4 hours 50 minutes; Note: ZPE0450 should have been written as ZBPE0450

Airspeed

K0900S1160: airspeed 900 kilometres per hour at flight level 11600 meters

K0890S1130: airspeed 890 kilometres per hour at flight level 11300 metres

M081F330: airspeed Mach 0.81 at flight level 330 (33000 feet)

N0480F330: airspeed 480 knots at flight level 330 (33000 feet)

N0480F350: airspeed 480 knots at flight level 350 (35000 feet)

N0480F370: airspeed 480 knots at flight level 370 (37000 feet)

N0480F390

airspeed 480 knots at flight level 390 (39000 feet)

N0470F290: airspeed 470 knots at flight level 290 (29000 feet)

Navaids

BMT: Navaid Name BUON MA THUOT. Country VN Location Ðat Lý Type DVOR Latitude 12° 39' 59.00" N Longitude 108° 7' 23.00" E

PCA: Navaid Name PHU CAT Country VN Location Hòa Dõng Type VOR Latitude 13° 57' 26.00" N Longitude 109° 2' 34.00" E

TSN: Navaid Name TAN SON NHAT. Country VN Location Ho Chi Minh City Type VOR Latitude 10° 48' 59.00" N Longitude 106° 38' 44.00" E

YIN: Navaid Name YINGDE Country CN Location Yingde Type VOR Latitude 24° 12' 24.00" N Longitude 113° 24' 36.00" E

Flight Levels

FL: Flight Level.

FL 250: Flight Level at 25000 feet.

FL 350: Flight Level at 35000 feet.

Flight Levels in the MH370 Flight Plan

F290: Flight Level at 29000 feet.
F330: Flight Level at 33000 feet.
F350: Flight Level at 35000 feet.
F390: Flight Level at 39000 feet.

Routes

A1: Flight Route A1

A461: Flight Route A461

L637: Flight Route L637

M076: Flight Route M076

M765: Flight Route M765

P901: Flight Route P901

R208: Flight Route R208

W1: Flight Route W1

W12: Flight Route W12

G221: Flight Route G221

Airports

KLIA: Kuala Lumpur International Airport

WMKC: ICAO 4-letter location indicator for Kota Bharu Airport (used in AFTN messages)

WMKK: ICAO 4-letter location indicator for Kuala Lumpur International Airport

WMKN: ICAO 4-letter location indicator for Kuala Terengganu Airport

WMKP: ICAO 4-letter location indicator for Penang International Airport

ZBAA: ICAO 4-letter location indicator for Beijing Capital International Airport (formerly Peking)

WMKKZBAA: Origin Airport WMKK (Kuala Lumpur) to Destination Airport ZBAA (Beijing)

Waypoints

BEKOL: Waypoint Country CN Location Shenzhen Latitude 22° 32' 36.00" N Longitude 114° 7' 60.00" E

BITOD: Waypoint Country VN Latitude N07152400 Longitude E104070600

BUNTA: Waypoint Country VN Latitude N16500000 Longitude E109234200

IDOSI: Waypoint Country HK Latitude 190000N Longitude 1123000E

IGARI: Waypoint Country SG Latitude 6° 56' 10.00" N Longitude 103° 35' 6.00" E

IKELA: Waypoint Country CN Latitude 18° 39' 42.00" N Longitude 112° 14' 42.00" E

IKUKO: Waypoint Country SG Latitude 5° 45' 12.00" N Longitude 103° 13' 24.00" E

PIBOS: Waypoint Country MY Location Karak Latitude 3° 21' 6.49" N Longitude 102° 3' 16.43" E

Media References

Tooltips:References/Media Tooltips:References/Govt Tooltips:References/Other

Terminology used in computing, networking, telecommunications, satcom etc.

Note: Initiated 1 August 2023. Some terms may already be in Alpha to Zulu pages.

http: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

https: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

Passengers by Seat Allocations

[ 1C ]: TAN, CHONGLING 48 Male Malaysia
[ 2A ]: GAN, FUXIANG 49 Male China
[ 2D ]: CHNG, MEI LING 33 Female Malaysia
[ 2K ]: WEEKS, PAUL 39 Male New Zealand
[ 3A ]: YUE, GUIJU 51 Female China
[ 3K ]: BRODSKII, NIKOLAI 43 Male Russia
[ 4A ]: BAI, XIAOMO 37 Female Canada
[ 4C ]: MUKHERJEE, MUKTESH 42 Male Canada
[ 4J ]: MOHAMADSOFUAN, IBRAHIM 33 Male Malaysia
[ 4K ]: XING, QIAO 27 Female China
[ 11A ]: TIAN, QINGJUN 51 Male China
[ 11C ]: WOOD, PHILIP 51 Male USA
[ 11D ]: LIN, ANNAN 27 Male China
[ 11E ]: XIE, LIPING 51 Female China
[ 11H ]: ZHANG, XUEWEN 61 Male China
[ 11J ]: HUE, PUIHENG 66 Male Malaysia
[ 11K ]: LI, LE 36 Male China
[ 12A ]: BIBYNAZLI, MOHDHASSIM 62 Female Malaysia
[ 12C ]: DINA, MOHAMEDYUNUSRAMLI 30 Female Malaysia
[ 12D ]: MARIA, MOHAMEDYUNUSRAMLI 52 Female Malaysia
[ 12E ]: HASHIM, NOORIDA 57 Female Malaysia
[ 12G ]: WANG, SHOUXIAN 69 Male China
[ 12H ]: KOH, TIONGMENG 40 Male Malaysia
[ 12J ]: MUHAMMADRAZAHAN, ZAMANIMR 24 Male Malaysia
[ 12K ]: NORLIAKMAR, HAMIDMDM 33 Male Malaysia
[ 14A ]: ZHANG, SHAOHUA 32 Female China
[ 14C ]: ZHANG, HUALIAN 42 Female China
[ 14D ]: LI, YUCHEN 27 Male China
[ 14E ]: LI, YUAN 33 Male Australia
[ 14F ]: LI, JIE 27 Female China
[ 14G ]: KANG, XU 34 Male China
[ 14H ]: GU, NAIJUN 31 Female Australia
[ 14J ]: SHARMA, CHANDRIKA 51 Female India
[ 14K ]: CHAN, HUANPEEN 46 Male Malaysia
[ 15A ]: LEE, SEWCHUMDM 55 Female Malaysia
[ 15C ]: NG, MAYLI 37 Female Malaysia
[ 15D ]: YANG, LI 35 Female China
[ 15E ]: LU, JIANHUA 57 Male China
[ 15F ]: MA, WENZHI 57 Female China
[ 15G ]: SIM, KENGWEI 53 Male Malaysia
[ 15H ]: ZHANG, CHI 58 Female China
[ 15J ]: WAN, HOCKKHOON 42 Male Malaysia
[ 15K ]: TEE, LIN KEONG 50 Male Malaysia
[ 16A ]: LI, ZHIJIN 30 Male China
[ 16C ]: YAP, CHEEMENG 39 Male Malaysia
[ 16D ]: SUGIANTO, LO 47 Male Indonesia
[ 16E ]: VINNY, CHYNTHYATIO 47 Female Indonesia
[ 16G ]: ZHANG, QI 31 Female China
[ 16H ]: BIAN, LIANGJING 27 Male China
[ 16J ]: MATRAHIM, NORFADZILLAH 39 Female Malaysia
[ 16K ]: TONG, SOONLEE 31 Male Malaysia
[ 17A ]: WENG, MEI 39 Female China
[ 17D ]: ZHANG, NA 34 Female China
[ 17E ]: HU, XIAONING 34 Male China
[ 17F ]: HU, SIWANCHD 3 Female China
[ 17G ]: SIREGAR, FIRMAN CHANDRA 25 Male Indonesia
[ 17H ]: SHIRSATH, KRANTI 44 Female India
[ 17J ]: MUSTAFA, SUHAILI 31 Female Malaysia
[ 17K ]: LEE, KAHKIN 32 Male Malaysia
[ 18A ]: GAN, TAO 44 Male China
[ 18C ]: LU, XIANCHU 33 Male China
[ 18D ]: ZHAO, QIWEI 37 Male China
[ 18E ]: ZHANG, XIAOLEI 32 Female China
[ 18F ]: ZHAO, YINGXINCHD 3 Female China
[ 18H ]: LIU, QIANG 40 Male China
[ 18J ]: RAMLAN, SAFUAN 32 Male Malaysia
[ 18K ]: YUSOP, MUZI 50 Male Malaysia
[ 19A ]: JU, KUN 32 Male China
[ 19C ]: WANG, XIMIN 50 Male New Zealand
[ 19D ]: SUADAYA, FERRYINDRA 42 Male Indonesia
[ 19E ]: SUADAYA, HERRYINDRA 35 Male Indonesia
[ 19F ]: TANURISAM, INDRASURIA 57 Male Indonesia
[ 19G ]: WANG, WILLYSURIJANTO 53 Male Indonesia
[ 19H ]: YANG, AILING 60 Female China
[ 19J ]: GUAN, HUAJIN 34 Female Malaysia
[ 19K ]: JIA, PING 32 Female China
[ 20A ]: BURROWS, RODNEY 59 Male Australia
[ 20C ]: BURROWS, MARY 54 Female Australia
[ 20D ]: CHEN, JIAN 58 Male China
[ 20F ]: FENG, JIXIN 70 Male China
[ 20G ]: WANG, YONGGANG 27 Male China
[ 20H ]: ZHANG, JIANWU 31 Male China
[ 20J ]: MENG, GAOSHENG 64 Male China
[ 20K ]: DING, LIJUN 43 Male China
[ 21A ]: LAWTON, CATHERINE 54 Female Australia
[ 21C ]: LAWTON, ROBERT 58 Male Australia
[ 21D ]: XING, FENGTAO 36 Male China
[ 21E ]: CHEW, KARMOOI 31 Female Malaysia
[ 21F ]: WONG, SAISANG 53 Male Malaysia
[ 21G ]: LIM, POWCHUAMS 43 Male Malaysia
[ 21H ]: TAN, AHMENG 46 Male Malaysia
[ 21J ]: TAN, WEICHEW 19 Male Malaysia
[ 21K ]: CHUANG, HSIULING 45 Female Taiwan
[ 22A ]: GUAN, WENJIE 35 Male China
[ 22C ]: LIU, JINPENG 33 Male China
[ 22D ]: WANG, CHUNHUA 34 Male China
[ 22H ]: ZHANG, SIMING 71 Female China
[ 22J ]: DOU, YUNSHAN 61 Male China
[ 22K ]: ZHANG, LIJUAN 61 Female China
[ 23A ]: XIN, XIXI 32 Female China
[ 23C ]: HUANG, YI 30 Female China
[ 23D ]: LIU, ZHONGFU 72 Male China
[ 23E ]: MAIMAITIJIANG, A 35 Male China
[ 23F ]: MAO, TUGUI 72 Male China
[ 23H ]: ZHAO, GANG 46 Male China
[ 23J ]: WEN, HAO DONG 32 Male China
[ 23K ]: YAN, XIAO DAN 27 Female China
[ 24A ]: OUYANG, XIN 38 Female China
[ 24C ]: YIN, BOYAN 33 Male China
[ 24D ]: ZHANG, YANHUI 44 Female China
[ 24E ]: YANG, JIABAO 26 Female China
[ 24F ]: WANG, DAN 54 Female China
[ 24G ]: LI, HONGJING 20 Female China
[ 24H ]: LI, GUOHUI 56 Male China
[ 24J ]: HUANG, TIANHUI 43 Male China
[ 24K ]: JIANG, CUIYUN 62 Female China
[ 25A ]: LIU, SHUNCHAO 46 Male China
[ 25C ]: DI, JIABIN 36 Male China
[ 25D ]: WATTRELOS, AMBRE 14 Female France
[ 25E ]: WATTRELOS, HADRIEN 17 Male France
[ 25F ]: WATTRELOS, LAURENCE 52 Female France
[ 25G ]: ZHAO, YAN 18 Female France
[ 25H ]: TANG, XUDONG 31 Male China
[ 25J ]: YAN, LING 29 Male China
[ 25K ]: CHEN, CHANGJUN 35 Male China
[ 26A ]: ZHAO, PENG 25 Male China
[ 26C ]: TIAN, JUNWEI 29 Male China
[ 26D ]: LUI, CHING 45 Female China
[ 26E ]: WANG, SHU MIN 61 Female China
[ 26F ]: WANG, XIANJUN 61 Male China
[ 26H ]: LI, ZHIXIN 35 Male China
[ 26J ]: TAN, SIOH PENG 42 Female Malaysia
[ 26K ]: CHEN, WEI HOING 43 Male Malaysia
[ 27D ]: DEINEKA, SERGII 45 Male Ukraine
[ 27E ]: CHUSTRAK, OLEG 45 Male Ukraine
[ 27G ]: ZANG, LINGDI 58 Female China
[ 27H ]: LIANG, LUYANG 60 Male China
[ 29A ]: MOHDKHAIRULAMRI, SELAMAT 29 Male Malaysia
[ 29C ]: PUSPANATHAN, SUBRAMANIAN 34 Male Malaysia
[ 29J ]: JIANG, XUEREN 62 Male China
[ 29K ]: LI, YANLIN 29 Male China
[ 30A ]: JIANG, YING 27 Female China
[ 30C ]: Iranian on stolen passport Male Iran
[ 30D ]: XU, CHUANE 57 Male China
[ 30E ]: ZHANG, YAN 36 Female China
[ 30F ]: MENG, BING 40 Male China
[ 30G ]: MENG, FANQUAN 70 Male China
[ 30H ]: MENG, NICOLECHD 4 Female USA
[ 30J ]: ZHANG, MENG 29 Female China
[ 30K ]: YAN, PENG 29 Male China
[ 31A ]: ZHOU, JINLING 61 Male China
[ 31C ]: ZHOU, FENG 56 Female China
[ 31D ]: ZHAO, ZHAOFANG 73 Female China
[ 31E ]: XIONG, DEMING 63 Female China
[ 31F ]: WANG, LINSHI 59 Male China
[ 31G ]: LOU, BAOTANG 79 Male China
[ 31H ]: LIU, RUSHENG 76 Male China
[ 31J ]: DONG, GUOWEI 48 Male China
[ 31K ]: BAO, YUANHUA 63 Female China
[ 32A ]: CHEN, YUN 57 Female China
[ 32C ]: DING, YING 62 Female China
[ 32D ]: HOU, AIQIN 45 Female China
[ 32E ]: SONG, CHUNLING 60 Female China
[ 32F ]: TANG, XUEZHU 57 Female China
[ 32G ]: YANG, QINGYUAN 57 Male China
[ 32H ]: YANG, XIAOMING 59 Female China
[ 32J ]: SURTIDAHLIA, MRS 50 Female Netherlands
[ 32K ]: FENG, DONG 21 Male China
[ 33A ]: CAO, RUI 32 Female China
[ 33C ]: MA, JUNMR 33 Male China
[ 33D ]: SONG, FEIFEI 32 Male China
[ 33E ]: ZHANG, HUA 43 Male China
[ 33G ]: TEOH, KIMLUN 36 Male Malaysia
[ 33H ]: YAO, LIFEI 31 Male China
[ 33J ]: YA, NA 26 Female China
[ 33K ]: HAN, JING 53 Female China
[ 34A ]: FU, BAOFENG 28 Male China
[ 34C ]: Iranian on stolen passport Male Iran
[ 34D ]: YUE, WENCHAO 26 Male China
[ 34G ]: ZHANG, YAN 45 Female China
[ 34H ]: WANG, YONGQIANG 30 Male China
[ 34J ]: SU, QIANGGUO 71 Male China
[ 34K ]: SONG, KUN 25 Male China
[ 35A ]: KOLEKAR, VINOD 59 Male India
[ 35C ]: KOLEKAR, CHETANA 55 Female India
[ 35D ]: KOLEKAR, SWANAND 23 Male India
[ 35G ]: WANG, HAITAO 26 Male China
[ 35H ]: LUO, WEI 29 Male China
[ 35J ]: LI, YAN 31 Female China
[ 35K ]: GAO, GE 27 Female China
[ 36A ]: HOU, BO 35 Male China
[ 36B ]: WEN, YONGSHENG 34 Male China
[ 36C ]: WANG, CHUNYONG 43 Male China
[ 36G ]: LI, ZHI 41 Male China
[ 36H ]: TAN, TEIK HIN 32 Male Malaysia
[ 36J ]: DU, WENZHONG 50 Male China
[ 36K ]: LIN, MINGFENG 34 Male China
[ 37A ]: SHI, XIANWEN 26 Male China
[ 37C ]: WANG, LIJUN 49 Male China
[ 37D ]: WANG, RUI 35 Male China
[ 37H ]: JIAO, WEIWEI 32 Female China
[ 37J ]: ZHOU, SHIJIE 64 Male China
[ 37K ]: YIN, YUEWANG 21 Male China
[ 38A ]: LI, WENBO 29 Female China
[ 38C ]: ZHENG, RUIXIAN 42 Female China
[ 38D ]: JIAO, WENXUE 58 Male China
[ 38G ]: JINGHANG, JEE 41 Male Malaysia
[ 38H ]: DAI, SHULING 58 Female China
[ 38J ]: BIAN, MAOQIN 67 Female China
[ 38K ]: WANG, YONGHUI 33 Male China
[ 39A ]: LI, MINGZHONG 69 Male China
[ 39D ]: LIU, FENG YING 65 Female China
[ 39G ]: YUAN, JIN 63 Female China
[ 39J ]: ZHANG, LIQIN 43 Female China
[ 39K ]: WANG, HOUBIN 28 Male China
[ 40A ]: ZHU, JUNYAN 41 Female China
[ 40C ]: ZHANG, ZHONGHAI 43 Male China
[ 40D ]: ZHANG, JINQUAN 72 Male China
[ 40E ]: YAO, JIANFENG 70 Male China
[ 40F ]: YANG, MEIHUA 65 Female China
[ 40G ]: DAISY, ANNE 56 Female Malaysia
[ 40J ]: CHE, JUNZHANG 68 Female China
[ 40K ]: AN, WENLAN 65 Female China
[ 41D ]: LIANG, XUYANG 30 Male China
[ 41G ]: DING, YING 28 Female China
Child 1: WANG, MOHENG 2 Male China
Child 2: MENG, LEO 2 Male USA

Numbers

9M-MRO: Aircraft Registration Number for the Boeing 777 used for Flight MH370. More Info

2157
A2157: SSR transponder code A2157 allocated to Flight MH370

Alpha

A

AAIB: Air Accident Investigation Bureau (Malaysia) or Air Accident Investigation Branch (United Kingdom)

AAID: Aircraft Accident Investigation Department (China)

AAT: Advanced Air Traffic Systems (M) Sdn. Bhd. - radar maintenance contractor for DCA (Malaysia)

ACARS: Aircraft Communication and Reporting System

AC: Alternating Current

ACC: Area Control Centre (or Air Traffic Control Centre)

ACD: Airways Clearance Delivery (Air Traffic Control at KLIA)

ACE: Actuator Control Electronic

ACK: Acknowledge, meaning "Let me know that you have received and understood this message". (Source: FAA)

ACMP: Alternating Current Motor Pump

ACMS: Aircraft Condition Monitoring System

AC/REG: Aircraft Registration

Accident Investigation Authority
Accident investigation authority: The Authority designated by a State as responsible for aircraft accident and incident investigations within the context of ICAO Annex 13.

Accredited Representative
Accredited representative: A person designated by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an investigation conducted by another State. Where the State has established an accident investigation authority, the designated accredited representative would normally be from that authority. Source: ICAO

AD
Airworthiness Directive: An AD is a notification to owners and operators of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics or other system exists and must be corrected. It is mandatory in nature. Source: Safety Investigation Report MH370/01/2018

ADF: Automatic Direction Finder

ADI: Attitude Director Indicator

ADIRS: Air Data Inertial Reference System

ADIRU: Air Data Inertial Reference Unit

ADP: Air Driven Pump (ADP)

ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast

ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract

AEROTHAI: AEROTHAI is the air navigation service provider responsible for the provision of Air Traffic Services within the Bangkok Flight Information Region (FIR)

AES: Airborne Earth Station

AFD: Assistant Flight Data

AFDC: Autopilot Flight Director Computer

AFDS: Autopilot Flight Director System

AFP: Australian Federal Police.

AFTN: Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network

AIMS: Airplane Information Management System

AIP: Aeronautical Information Publication

ARCC: Aeronautical Rescue Coordination Centre

AWL
Airworthiness Limitations: AWLs are items that the Certificate process has defined as critical from a fatigue or damage tolerance assessment. Source:

Safety Investigation Report MH370/01/2018

AIS: Aeronautical Information Service

ALERFA
Alert Phase
Alert phase: Alert phase - A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft or marine vessel and of the persons on board.

ALT: Altitude

AMSA: Australian Maritime Safety Authority

AMU: Audio Management Unit

AN 9M-MRO: Aircraft Number (Registration) 9M-MRO

Annex 13: Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944) provides the international Standards and Recommended Practices for Aircraft Accident Inquiries and was developed by ICAO. These practices are the basis for aviation accident, serious incident and incident investigations, accident prevention and accident and serious incident reporting. (Source: ATSB)

APAC: ICAO Asia and Pacific Office

API: Advance Passenger Information See also Passenger Name Record

APU: Auxiliary Power Unit

APUC: Auxiliary Power Unit Controller

AR: Approach Radar (Air Traffic Control at KLIA)

ARs: Accredited Representatives (Members of the Annex 13 Investigation Team)

ARINC: Aeronautical Incorporated

ARINC 629
(ARINC) 629: Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) 629 is an aeronautical standard which specifies multi- transmitter data bus protocol where up to 128 units can share the same bus.

ASCPC: Air Supply Cabin Pressure Controller

ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ATC: Air Traffic Control

ATCC: Air Traffic Control Centre

ATS: Air Traffic Services

ATSCs
ATSC: Air Traffic Services Centre

ATSB: Australia Transport Safety Bureau

ATTC: Aircraft Tracking Task Force

AUV: An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a battery-powered self-propelled underwater vehicle that can be launched and retrieved from a search vessel and is pre-programmed with a search mission. The vehicle may be fitted with instruments including sonar and optical imaging systems. (Source: ATSB)

Bravo

B

B777: Boeing 777 aircraft
777-200ER: Boeing 777-200 Extended Range
777-200LR: Boeing 777-200 Long Range

Bathymetry: The study and mapping of sea floor topography. It involves obtaining measurements of the ocean depth and is equivalent to mapping topography on land. (Source: ATSB)

BEA: Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses (France)

BFO: Burst frequency offset. BFO is a measure of the difference between the expected frequency of a satellite transmission and the frequency received at the ground station. (Source: ATSB)

BITE: Built In Test Equipment

Blind transmission: A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communications cannot be established but where it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission. (Source: Safety Investigation Report MH370/01/2018)

BTO: Burst Timing Offset. BTO is a measure of the time taken for a satellite transmission round trip (ground station to satellite to aircraft and back) and allows a calculation of the distance between the satellite and the aircraft. (Source: ATSB)

Charlie

C

CAAC: Civil Aviation Administration of China

CAAS: Civil Aviation Authority Singapore

CDU
CDUs: Control Display Unit

CHIRPS: Confidential Human Factors Accident Incident Reporting System

CMCS: Central Maintenance Computing System

Controlled air space: Airspace that is actively monitored and managed by air traffic controllers. To enter controlled airspace, an aircraft must first gain a clearance from an air traffic controller. (Source: ATSB)

C of G: Centre of Gravity

CPDLC: Controller Pilot Data Link Communications

CPM
CPMs: Core Processor Module

CPMU: Cabin Passenger Management Unit

CRM: Crew Resource Management

CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia)

CTU: Cabin Telecommunications Unit

CVR: Cockpit Voice Recorder

Delta

Data Point
data point
data points: A reference to data recovered from Captain Shah's Flight Simulator. Defined Here

DC: Direct Current

DC-3
DC-3C: A twin-engine propellor driven aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company prior to World War II

DCGF: Data Conversion Gateway Function

DCA: Department of Civil Aviation (Malaysia)

DCMF: Data Communication Management Function

DCMS: Data Communication Management System

DEFTECH: DEFTECH is a Malaysian Government defence contractor. It is responsible for the procurement and contract management of chosen operators in the search for MH370, such as Phoenix International. (Source: ATSB)

DETRESFA: The code word used to designate a distress phase

DFDAF: Digital Flight Data Acquisition Function

DFDAU: Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit

DGA/TA: General Delegate of Armament Aeronautical Technique (in France)

Distress Phase
Distress phase
distress phase: A situation wherein there is a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger and require immediate assistance.

DLNA: Diplexer Low Noise Amplifier

DME: Distance Measuring Equipment

DSTG: Defence, Science and Technology Group (Australia)

DSTO: Defence Science and Technology Organisation (Australia)

DST Group: Defence, Science and Technology Group (Australia)

DVI: Disaster Victim Identification

Echo

ECL: Electronic Checklist

EDIU: Engine Data Interface Unit

EDP
EDPs: Engine Driven Pump

EEC: Electronic Engine Control

EFIS: Electronic Flight Instrument System

EHM: Engine Health Monitoring

EICAS: Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System

ELMS: Electrical Load Management System

ELT: Emergency Locator Transmitter

Emergency Phase
Emergency phase
emergency phase: A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase

EOC: Emergency Operations Center

EPR: Autothrottle Engine Pressure Ratio

ETA: Estimated time of Arrival

ETOPS: Extended Twin Engine Operations. ETOPS is an aviation rule that allows twin-engine airliners to fly long distance routes that were previously off-limits to twin-engine aircraft.

EYCL: Economy Class

Foxtrot

FAA: Federal Aviation Administration (US)

FAR: Federal Aviation Regulations

FDEVSS: Flight Deck Entry Video Surveillance System

FDR: Flight Data Recorder

FESU: Flap Slat Electronic Unit

FFP
Filed Flight Plan: Filed Flight Plan – The flight plan as filed with an Air Traffic Services unit by the pilot or his designated representative, without any subsequent changes.

FIRs
FIR: Flight Information Region

Flight Progress Strip: It contains essential flight and control data and is the basic tool which enables Controllers to visualize the disposition of traffic within their area of responsibility including traffic arriving and departing an aerodrome, assess conflicts and control aircraft in a safe manner.

FMC: Flight Management Computer

FMCF: Flight Management Control Function

FMCS: Flight Management Control System

FMS: Flight Management System

FO: First Officer

FSEU: Flap Slat Electronic Unit

FS: Flight Steward

FSS: Flight Stewardess

Golf

GADSS: Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System

GCC
GCCL: Golden Class Club or Business Class

GES: Ground earth station. A satellite ground station sends or receives data from orbiting satellites. (Source: ATSB)

GHz: Giga Hertz

GMT: Greenwich Mean Time

GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS: Global Positioning System

GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System

GWT: Gross Weight

Hotel

Handshake: Satellite log-on interrogation messages that originate at the ground earth station and are transmitted through the satellite to the aircraft’s satellite communication system. (Source: ATSB)

HCM ACC: Ho Chi Minh (Viet Nam) Area Control Centre (or Air Traffic Control Centre)

HCMATCC
HCM ATCC: Ho Chi Minh Air Traffic Control Centre

HDG: Heading

HF: High Frequency

HGA: HGAs; High Gain Antenna(s)

HLCS: High Lift Control System

HPA: High Power Amplifier

HRS: Hours

HYDIM: Hydraulic Interface Module

India

IAS: Indicated Airspeed

IATA: International Air Transport Association

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organisation

ID: Identification

IDG
IDGs: Integrated Drive Generator

IFE: In Flight Entertainment system

IFS: In-flight Supervisor

IGV: Inlet Guide Vane

ILS: Instrument Landing System

INCERFA: Uncertainty Phase

IOM
IOMs: Input/output modules

IOR: Indian Oceanic Region

IOR2: Inmarsat geostationary satellite above the Indian Ocean

IOR I-3: Inmarsat geostationary satellite above the Indian Ocean

IOSA: IATA Operational Safety Audit

Juliet

JACC: Joint Agency Coordination Centre (Australia)

JIT: Joint Investigation Team (Convened by the Malaysian Government comprising experts from the People’s Republic of China, France, Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States and Malaysian Government officials.) Source: ATSB

JRCC: Joint Rescue Coordination Centre
JRCC Australia is coordinated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA)

Kilo

KL ACC: Kuala Lumpur Area Control Centre (or Air Traffic Control Centre)

KLATCC
KL ATCC: Kuala Lumpur Air Traffic Control Centre

KL ARCC: Kuala Lumpur Aeronautical Rescue Coordination Centre

KL ATSC: Kuala Lumpur Air Traffic Services Centre

Knot
Knots: A unit of speed that is equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour

kt: Knot - A unit of speed that is equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour

KVA: Kilo Volt Ampere

Lima

LAT: Latitude (degrees)

LED: Light Emitting Diode

LG: Lumpur Ground (Air Traffic Control at KLIA)

LGA: Low Gain Antenna

LNA: Low Noise Amplifier

LNAV: Lateral Navigation

LONG: Longitude (degrees)

LR: Lumpur Radar (Air Traffic Control at KLIA)

LRM: Line Replaceable Module

LT: Lumpur Tower (Air Traffic Control at KLIA)

Mike

MAB: Malaysian Airlines Berhad (Formerly Malaysia Airline Systems [MAS])

MAC: Mean Aerodynamic Chord

MACH: Mach number; Aircraft speed relative to the speed of sound

MAHB: Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad

ẟMAS: Malaysia Airline Systems

MAS: Malaysia Airline Systems

MAS370: Malaysia Airline Systems flight MH370

MAS ODC: Malaysia Airlines Operations Despatch Centre

MATS: Manual of Air Traffic Services

MCAR: Malaysian Civil Aviation Regulations (1996)

MCC: Maintenance Control Centre

MCDU
MCDUs: Multi-purpose Control Display Unit(s)

MCMC: Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (Also known as SKMM - Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia)

MCP: Mode Control Panel

MEC: Main Equipment Centre

MEL: Minimum Equipment List

MET: Meteorological or meteorology

MFD: Multi-Function Display

MRO: Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 9M-MRO

MHz: Megahertz

MOC: MAS Operations Centre

MoT: Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)

MRCC: Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre.

MSG: Message

MTSA: Multifunctional Transport Satellites of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

MTSAT: A series of Japanese weather and aviation satellites and GESs. MTSAT-1R and MTSAT-2 satellites are interoperable with Inmarsat satellites.

November

nak: Not acknowledged

NATCC: National Air Traffic Control Centre

Nautical mile (NM): A unit of distance based on the circumference of the earth, used for marine charting and navigating. One nautical mile (NM) is equal to 1.852 km.

ND
NDs: Navigation Display

NDB: Non-directional Beacon

NM: Nautical Mile

NOK
NOKs: Next-of-kin

Northern Corridor
northern corridor: An area stretching approximately from the border of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to northern Thailand. See Najib's Statement 15 March 2014

NOTAM: Notices to Airmen

NOTOC: Notice to Crew

NTSB: National Transport Safety Board (US)

NTSC: National Transportation Safety Committee (Indonesia)

Oscar

OCC: Operations Control Centre

OCXO: Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator

ODC: Operations Despatch Centre

OPS: Operations

OOOI: Out, Off, On, In

Papa

PANS-ATM: Procedures for Air Navigation - Air Traffic Management

PAX: Persons - number of passengers

PDRM: Polis DiRaja Malaysia (Royal Malaysia Police)

PDS: Primary Display System

PDU: Power Drive Unit

PEK: Beijing (Peking)

PER: IATA Code for PERishable cargo

PFC
PFCs: Primary Flight Computer

PFCS: Primary Flight Control System

PFD: Primary Flight Display

PIC: Pilot in Command

Ping: A pulse of sonar sound. (Source: ATSB)

PLN: Flight Plan

PLS: Please

PLSE: Please

PMG: Permanent Magnet Generator

PNR: Passenger Name Record More Info

POR: Pacific Ocean Region

POR1: Inmarsat geostationary satellite above the Pacific Ocean

POR I-3: Inmarsat geostationary satellite above the Pacific Ocean

POS: Position (cargo bay location)

ppm: parts per million

Primary radar: Primary (or terminal area) radar relies on radio waves reflecting off metallic objects and is effective within a short range from the radar head, which is usually located at an airport. (Source: ATSB)

PSA: Power Supply Assembly

PSEU: Proximity Switch Electronic Unit

PSR: Primary Surveillance Radar

PSU
PSUs: Passenger Service Units

Quebec

Romeo

RAAF: Royal Australian Air Force

RAT: Ram Air Turbine

RADAR: Radio Detection and Range

RCC: Rescue Coordination Centre

RF ATTN: Radio Frequency Attenuator (part of the SATCOM system)

RFS: Radio Frequency Splitter (part of the SATCOM system)

RFU: Radio Frequency Unit (part of the SATCOM system)

RMAF: Royal Malaysian Air Force

RMP: Royal Malaysian Police.

RNAV: Area Navigation

ROV: Remotely Operated Vehicle

RQS: Request Supplementary Flight Plan

RR: Rolls Royce

RSC: Rescue Sub-Centre

RTP: Radio Tuning Panel

RVSM: Reduced Vertical Separation Minima

RWY: Runway

Sierra

SAARU: Secondary Attitude and Air Data Reference Unit

SANYA: A city on Hainan Island (China)

SANYA FIR: Sanya flight information region, (ZJSA), administered by an air traffic control centre in Sanya on Hainan Island (China)

SAP: Safety Awareness Programme

SAR: Search And Rescue

SARP
SARPs: Standards and Recommended Practices

SAS
Synthetic Aperture Sonar: A sonar system which uses sophisticated post-processing of sonar data to combine a number of sonar pings to form an image with higher resolution than conventional sonar. (Source: ATSB)

SAT: Static Air Temperature

SATCOM: Satellite Communications

SATCOM WG: Satellite Communications Working Group

SDU: Satellite Data Unit

Secondary radar: Secondary (or en route) radar returns are dependent on a transponder in the aircraft to reply to an interrogation from a radar ground station. (Source: ATSB)

Seventh arc: Independent analysis of satellite communications and aircraft performance confirms MH370 will be found in close proximity to the arc labelled as the 7th arc. The arc extends from latitude 20 degrees south to latitude 39 degrees south. At the time MH370 reached this arc the aircraft is considered to have exhausted its fuel and to have been descending. (Source: ATSB)

Shadow Copy: A hidden file created by the Volume Shadow Copy Service in Microsoft Windows operating systems to enable a user to restore a file to a previous version. More Info

SID
SIDs: Standard Instrument Departure

SITA: Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques

SITREP: Situation Report

SKMM: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (Also known as MCMC - Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission)

SME: Site Maintenance Engineer

SMS: Short Message Service, a text message

SOP
SOPs: Standard Operating Procedures

Southern Corridor
southern corridor: An area stretching approximately from Indonesia to the southern Indian ocean. See Najib's Statement 15 March 2014

SRU: Search and Rescue Unit

SSR: Secondary Surveillance Radar - A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers system (interrogators) and transponders.

STAR
STARs: Standard Instrument Arrival. A designated Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) arrival route linking a significant point, normally on an Air Traffic Service (ATS) route, with a point from which a published instrument approach procedure can be commenced.

Strayed aircraft
strayed aircraft: An aircraft that has deviated significantly from its intended track or which reports that it is lost.

SSWG: Search Strategy Working Group. Coordinated by the ATSB, the group of international satellite and aircraft specialists has been working towards defining the most probable position of MH370, at the time of the last satellite communications. (Source: ATSB)

Tango

Taxi: The aircraft is moving on the aerodrome surface under its own power prior to takeoff or after landing.

TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System

TCP
Transfer of Control Point: A defined point located along the flight path of an aircraft, at which the responsibility for providing air traffic control service to the aircraft is transferred from one control unit or control position to the next.

Transponder: A device that emits an identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal from a communications satellite or ground station. (Source: ATSB)

Tripartite: Shared by or involving three parties. Tripartite meetings that make decisions with regard to MH370 involve the governments of Australia, Malaysia and the People’s Republic of China. (Source: ATSB)

TRK: Track

TRU: Transformer Rectifier Unit

TSCP: Transcript

TTL: Total
TSIB: Transport Safety Investigation Bureau of Singapore (formerly Air Accident Investigation Bureau [AAIB])

Tuoi Tre: Tuổi Trẻ is a Vietnamese daily news publisher

Uniform

ULB: Underwater Locator Beacon. A device attached to aviation flight recorders that when immersed in water emits an acoustic signal, to assist with locating an aircraft’s Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder. (Source: ATSB)

Uncertainty phase: A situation wherein doubt exists as to the safety of an aircraft or a marine vessel, and the Persons on board.

Unidentified aircraft
unidentified aircraft: An aircraft that has been observed or reported to be operating in a given area but whose identity has not been established.

US: United States

USA: United States of America

Victor

V: Volt

V/S: Vertical Speed

VDL: VHF Digital Link

VHF: Very High Frequency

VNAV: Vertical Navigation

VSI: An abbreviation for Volume System Information file used by RMP forensic investigators but more accurately means a System Volume Information folder. More Info

Volume System Information
Volume System Information file
Volume System Information (VSI) file: A term used by RMP forensic investigators but more accurately rendered as System Volume Information folder. More Info

VOR: VHF Omni Directional Radio Range

Whiskey

Waypoint
waypoint: A predetermined geographical position that is defined in terms of latitude and longitude coordinates, used for navigation. More Info

WINDIR: Wind Direction

WINDSP: Wind Speed

Xray

Xcoal Energy & Resources: A US-based coal marketing and logistics company, operating globally, with an office in China.

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